William Allen

William Allen (1532-1594) was an English Roman Catholic priest and cardinal during a time when many Catholics were experiencing persecution. Having influenced Pope Pius V to depose Elizabeth I, he was forced into exile in the Netherlands once Elizabeth chose not to continue her policy of religious tolerance and instead began the persecution of her religious opponents. In 1568 he founded a seminary at Douai in the Netherlands to train English priests for the Catholic community in England. Allen desired to restore Roman Catholicism in England and wanted to ensure there would be a supply of trained clergy ready to come into the country when Catholicism was restored. Later he helped plan the Spanish Armada's invasion of England, and was to have been Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor had it succeeded.

Akhenaton

King Amenhotep IV was a pharaoh in ancient Egypt of the 18th dynasty (c. 1353–1335 BC). During his reign Amenhotep displaced all the Egyptian gods with a single deity, the sun god, Aten, in honour of whom he built many temples. The pharaoh renamed himself Akhenaton meaning, “It is well with Aten.” This was the first concerted attempt to establish a form of monotheism (the worship of a single god). However his religious reforms were detested and his successor Tutankhamen restored the traditional Egyptian religion with the original gods. The Aten temples were demolished, and Akhenaton became known as "the Enemy."